The symbols 0 through 9 are known as what type of numerals?

The symbols 0 through 9 are known as Arabic numerals, which originated from the numeral system developed by Indian mathematicians and were transmitted to Europe through Arabic scholars. This system is integral to modern mathematics and everyday counting, allowing for the representation of any integer using just ten symbols.

The naming comes from the fact that the digits were brought into Europe from the Arab world, hence the term "Arabic numerals." They are foundational in the decimal system, which is base-10, utilizing these symbols to express numbers in a way that is easily understood and widely used around the globe.

In contrast, Roman numerals are based on letters from the Latin alphabet and do not include the concept of a zero or a place value system as Arabic numerals do, while binary refers specifically to a base-2 numeral system that uses only two symbols, 0 and 1. Therefore, the identification of the symbols 0 through 9 as Arabic numerals aptly reflects their historical and practical significance in numerical representation.