What method predicts the overshoot in a control system?

The correct method for predicting overshoot in a control system is related to the concept of integral time. Overshoot occurs when the system's response exceeds the desired value before stabilizing. Integral control is a fundamental aspect of control systems that considers the accumulation of past errors over time, allowing the system to adjust its output effectively to minimize the steady-state error and thereby predict and manage overshoot.

Integral time specifically refers to the time period over which the control system integrates the error, which influences how quickly and effectively the system responds to changes and disturbances. By understanding and adjusting the integral time, control engineers can design systems that predict and mitigate overshoot, leading to a more stable response with less oscillation around the desired setpoint.

The other options do not specifically address the capability to predict overshoot in a control system. Error-rate often pertains to the speed of changes rather than predicting overshoot. Time-delay refers to the lag in system response, which can affect stability but does not directly determine overshoot. Feedback loops are essential for control mechanisms but do not specifically predict overshoot without integrating timing and error information.