What type of semiconductor has 3 valence electrons and is called trivalent impurities?

The correct answer is that the type of semiconductor that has 3 valence electrons and is referred to as trivalent impurities is P-type semiconductor.

P-type semiconductors are formed by doping a pure semiconductor material, typically silicon, with an element that has three valence electrons, such as boron, aluminum, or gallium. The introduction of these trivalent impurities creates "holes" in the semiconductor's crystal lattice. Each trivalent atom typically forms three covalent bonds with silicon atoms but leaves one silicon atom without a bond, thus creating a hole that can accept an electron.

This hole acts as a positive charge carrier, allowing the conduction of electricity through the movement of these holes. Consequently, P-type semiconductors are characterized by an abundance of positive charge carriers, and they play a crucial role in the operation of various electronic devices, like diodes and transistors.

In contrast, N-type semiconductors are doped with pentavalent impurities that possess five valence electrons, resulting in an excess of negative charge carriers (electrons). Conductors have free electrons and do not rely on doping in the same manner, while dielectrics are insulating materials that do not conduct electricity easily. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify the